TG8.4 - Life cycle cost (LCC) - Design life and/or replacement cycle

The work of TG8.4 comprises the preparation of a state-of-the-art report on LCC including the following:

• A flow chart for life cycle cost analyses;
• Examples and/or case studies concerning life cycle cost evaluations of design strategies,including narratives and consequences of the favoured strategy;
• A risk analysis covering costs and benefits;
• Identification of hazard scenarios (weak points);
• Discussion on the value added by the LCC analyses including:
• Design;
• Inspection;
• Testing;
• Monitoring;
• Birth Certificate;
• Inspectability;
• Interventions.
• Reference to relevant fib documents.

Convener
José A. Campos e Matos

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TG8.8 - Design approaches

Throughout durability design there are a number of common inputs that should be handled in a consistent approach, e.g. reliability, cracking, exposure risk assessment, verification approaches.

This Task Group will maintain approaches that are consistent across different materials and durability design approaches consistency and provide liaison with other Commissions to ensure consistency across all aspects of Model Code.

The scope:

• This Task Group shall investigate various aspects that have a common impact on modelling of deterioration mechanisms but the TG is not directly involved in the mechanisms or materials.
• Many of these items are fundamental to all aspects of structural design and cannot be considered durability issues alone. However, the issues are key to durability design.

The work in TG8.8 is currently carried out in the Working Groups below.

Convener
Steinar Helland

Co-Convener
Joanitta Ndawula

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• WP8.8.1
• WP8.8.3
• WP8.8.4
• WP8.8.5

WP8.8.1 - Durability planning

 

During the MC2020 work it was proposed to give a complete overview of all activities related to durability planning of a project. Presentations on formal durability planning were given by Rodney Paull to TG10.1 and COM8. This resulted in current draft section 27.6 (minor comments in 35.6 and 38.1.2) in draft MC2020. An initiative has been taken to work out supporting materials to MC2020 on these matters.

 

The WP will start its work in autumn 2022 and depends on the content development in MC2020.

Convener
Rodney Paull

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Paull	Rodney	Australia	Member Concrete Institute of Australia (CIA), Chair CIA Durability Technical Committee; ACI 201 liaison member for CIA; ACI 321 liaison member
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Matthews	Stuart	United Kingdom	Matthews Consulting
Papworth	Frank	Australia	BCRC

WP8.8.3 - Exposure Zones

 

The original aim of fib TG WP was to critically review existing global standards and recommendations for exposure categories for concrete structures, highlight shortcomings in the existing approaches and, where required, propose updated exposure categories for inclusion in MC2020. This has been completed in 2021.

 

The WP has developed an updated table of exposure classes for inclusion in MC2020. A supporting paper was published in Structural Concrete in March 2021. WP3 intends to expand the supporting paper into a Bulletin.

Convener
Inam Khan

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Ndawula	Joanitta	South Africa	University of Cape Town
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Angst	Ueli	Switzerland	ETH Zurich
Bastidas-Arteaga	Emilio	France	Universite de Nantes
Beushausen	Hans-Dieter	South Africa	University of Cape Town
Helland	Steinar	Norway	S Helland Konsult
Kessler	Sylvia	Germany	Helmut-Schmidt-University/ University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg
Linger	Lionel	France	Vinci Construction Grand Projets
Martin-Perez	Beatriz	Canada
Papworth	Frank	Australia	BCRC
Santhanam	Manu	India	Department of Civil Engineering
Sykora	Miroslav	Czech Republic	Czech Technical University in Prague, Klokner Institute
Titus	Alice	South Africa	Bakera University of Cape Town
Khan	Inam	Australia	BCRC

WP8.8.4 - Durability of Eco-efficient concretes

 

Durability properties of new materials (clinker reduced cements and concretes, binders and concretes with recycled materials) are not yet systematically collected and summarized for their general application for durable and sustainable reinforced concrete structures.

Durability properties of new materials are often tested with different testing protocols.

Rules for using different testing protocols in durability design (SLD) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is often missing.

The consequences of different testing protocols on SLD & LCA are usually unknown. Current SLD is mainly based on the long-term performance of plain cement. New materials may show different long-term performance under current and future exposure or natural testing condition. These differences are currently neglected.

The application of durability design in practical cases for example cracked concrete (can healing be expected with clinker optimized binders?), corners or where sealings, insulations or coatings are applied are missing.

STAR on the assessment of eco-efficiency has not been prepared yet and consequently recommendations / comparisons of different approaches are missing.

Keywords should / could be Clinker efficient binders, eco efficient concretes, recycled concrete and binders, durability design, service life design, life cycle assessment, global warming potential

 

Convener
Stefanie Von Greve-Dierfeld

Co-Convener
Frank Dehn

Co-Convener
Bruno Huet

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Von Greve-Dierfeld	Stefanie	Switzerland	Office fédéral des routes OFROU
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Janota	Magdalena	United Kingdom
Angst	Ueli	Switzerland	ETH Zurich
BOUMAAZA	Mouna	France	Vinci Construction
Ferreira	Nuno	United Kingdom	Arup
Helland	Steinar	Norway	S Helland Konsult
Kamali-Bernard	Siham	France	Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA-Rennes)
Kessler	Sylvia	Germany	Helmut-Schmidt-University/ University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg
Liu	Qing-feng	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Campos e Matos	José	Portugal	University of Minho
Santhanam	Manu	India	Department of Civil Engineering
Teixeira	Elisabete	Portugal	ISISE
Ukrainczyk	Neven	Germany	Technical University of Darmstadt
Wang	Junjie	China
Edvardsen	Carola K.	Denmark	Cowi AS
Moro	Fabrizio	Switzerland
De Belie	Nele	Belgium
Van Mullem	Tim	Belgium	Ghent University
Gruyaert	Elke	Belgium	KU Leuven
Visser	Jeanette	Netherlands	Strukton Engineering
Geiker	Mette	Norway	NTNU - Trondheim Norwegian Univ.
Julio	Eduardo	Portugal	Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa
Juhart	Joachim	Austria	Graz University of Technology
Kanavaris	Fragkoulis	United Kingdom	Arup
Bogas	Jose Alexandre	Portugal	Universidade de Lisboa
Gates	Will	Australia	Deakin University
Paglia	Christian	Switzerland
Vanoutrive	Hanne	Belgium	Faculty of Engineering Technology
Dehn	Frank	Germany	KIT Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
Huet	Bruno	France
Wigum	B. J.	Iceland	Mannvit Reykjavik
Costa	António	Portugal	Instituto Superior Técnico
Georgescu	Dan	Romania	Techn. Univ. of Civil Engineering
Eckhardt	Rafaela	Brazil

WP8.8.5 - Demolished PC/RC bridges durability database

 

A large number of concrete bridges built over the past decades are approaching the end of their service life, several being in a state of severe deterioration, requiring huge maintenance and repair interventions. Variations in the structural behaviour of concrete elements can be associated to a decay of the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials due to deterioration. Moreover, old structures designed several decades ago hardly comply with modern design codes requirements due to the huge evolution of construction materials, technologies, loading and exposure scenario. As an example, in old concrete bridges traffic loads intensity and frequency conditions have largely increased over the last decades. Within this context, the dismantling phase in the life end of a structural system may become an increasing opportunity accounting for environmental and structural Life Cycle Assessment. Moreover, the creation of a database of material characteristics and structural details performance of demolished systems can support the development of reliable models for residual end life bridge assessment and improving the understanding in life visual bridge inspection.

 

During the demolition or dismantling process, many parts / cross section of the bridge structure are easy to access and inspect (like only was possible at the beginning/construction phase) and a minimum series of non-destructive or semi-destructive tests are proposed to be carried out in order to estimate some residual performance: mainly focused on degradation material and damages scenarios, secondly in terms of some mechanical properties. The definition of a minimum dataset associated with the material mechanical and chemical-physical characteristics of deteriorated concrete elements can also determine a robust validation of durability models and reliability assessment of concrete bridges.

 

Scope of the work is the definition of a database including useful information on the extent of damage of existing bridges, exposed to several environmental conditions, to retrieve statistically significant information on materials degradation in relation to specific exposure environments. Such database should report, for each analysed structure, information on the bridge structural system and the corresponding use, loading, and exposure scenario, as well as basic geometrical, mechanical, and chemical data collected during the demolition phase. The collected data could be therefore divided into two main categories:

• Basic information associated to the overall bridge based on design documentation and visual inspection activities.
• Material data (mechanical and chemical properties) estimated with the use of nondestructive or destructive tests of some dismantled structural components.

 

Convener
Carlo Beltrami

Co-Convener
Nicoletta Russo

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Beltrami	Carlo	Italy	Lombardi Ingegneria
Russo	Nicoletta	Italy	Lombardi Ingegneria
Belletti	Beatrice	Italy	Univ. degli Studi di Parma - Engineering and Architecture
Biondini	Fabio	Italy	Politecnico di Milano
Andrade	Carmen	Spain	Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en l’Ènginyeria (CIMNE)
Campos e Matos	José	Portugal	University of Minho
Sas	Gabriel	Sweden	Luleå University of Technology
Chaves de Rezende Martins	Paulo	Brazil	University of Brasilia
Panseri	Stefano	Italy	DESPE
Marini	Francesco	Italy	Nadeco
Shakil	Muzzamil	France	bouygues-construction

TG8.9 - Deterioration Mechanisms Related to Corrosion

TG8.9 will investigate models for the following deterioration processes: Rebar Corrosion Initiation; Rebar Corrosion Propagation; Abrasion, Erosion and Cavitation; Freeze Thaw Attack; Leaching; Water and Water Vapour Migration and Chemical Attack.

In MC2010 and Bulletin 34, some of these mechanisms have only loosely defined models and some have no models. MC2010 also has limited advice for exposure classes, performance tests, deemed to satisfy requirements and avoidance approaches.

The scope:

• This Task Group shall investigate prediction tools (models)
• Derive revised design rules, which ensure sufficient durability close to broadly accepted reliability levels of limit states identified in TG8.8 and to be considered in TG8.9 and TG3.4
• The TG will provide specific input into MC2020 but is expected to continue as a COM8 TG to continuously develop the solutions for the issues listed.

Convener
Carmen Andrade

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• WP8.9.1
• WP8.9.2
• WP8.9.3
• WP8.9.4

WP8.9.1 - Corrosion initiation

 

WP 8.9.1 will deal with models on corrosion initiation by carbonation and chloride penetration. These models have been updated for MC2020 in spite of which there are subject needing further development from the basic and practical point of view. Thus, in the chloride case, aspects as the environmental concentration of chlorides, the evolution of the chloride profile with time, or the variation of surface chloride concentration are aspects that need much further study for more accurate predictions.

With respect to carbonation, what need further elaboration is how to characterize the moisture in the environment and its impact in the concrete humidity, essential aspect for the active corrosion.

 

Scope

• This WP shall develop prediction tools (models) more accurate than present ones. Also, how to obtain the correct input parameters for the model, either of the environment or of the material.
• The discussion should end in revised design rules, in particular with the probabilistic treatment The WP will provide specific input for the continuous updating of MC2020.

Convener
Amir Rahimi

Co-convener
Juan Lozano Varcarcel

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Papworth	Frank	Australia	BCRC
Lollini	Federica	Italy	Politecnico di Milano
Ferreira	Rui Miguel	Finland	VTT Techn. Research Centre of Finland
Rahimi	Amir	Germany	Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Lozano Valcarcel	Juan Mauricio	Germany	Technical University of Munich
Andrade	Carmen	Spain	Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en l’Ènginyeria (CIMNE)
Gastaldi	Matteo	Italy	Politecnico of Milano
Gulikers	Joost	Netherlands	Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Infrastructure
Moro	Fabrizio	Switzerland
Raupach	Michael	Germany	RWTH Aachen University
Kessler	Sylvia	Germany	Helmut-Schmidt-University/ University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg
Helland	Steinar	Norway	S Helland Konsult
Torrent	Roberto	Switzerland	Quali- Ti-Mat Sagl
Huet	Bruno	France
Liu	Qing-feng	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Ueda	Tamon	China	Shenzhen University
Otieno	Mike	South Africa	Wits
Proverbio	Edoardo	Italy	University of Messina, Italy
Casas Rius	Joan	Spain	Tech. Univ. of Catalunya, UPC-BarcelonaTech
Rafiq	Muhammad Imran	United Kingdom	University of Brighton
Çevik	Onur	Turkey
Campos e Matos	José	Portugal	University of Minho
Khan	Inam	Australia	BCRC
Torabian Isfahani	Forood	Italy	Lombardi Group
Nilsson	Lars-Olof	Sweden	Chalmers University
Pedersen	Malene Thostrup	Norway	Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Linger	Lionel	France	Vinci Construction Grand Projets
Huang	Zhewen	Italy	Politecnico di Milano

WP8.9.2 - Corrosion Propagation

 

WP 8.9.2 was having meetings until end of 2019 just before the pandemia. The subjects that were treated were: the corrosion propagation model, the time to cracking due to the oxide generation in the first stages of corrosion and the corrosion produced in the zones were flexural cracks exist. Proceedings with the summaries of the presentations was published by Ifsttar (now Gustave Eiffel University)- Paris where the workshop was held.

From 2020 no meetings were organized due to the efforts were concentrated in the incorporation of the corresponding chapters to MC2020.

 

Scope

• This WP will deal with models on corrosion propagation. This subject was not treated in detail by the MC2010 but has been incorporated into MC2020 due to it deals with new and existing structures.
• The propagation model however needs further development for the correct selection of the model input parameters in the aspect to have not only average values in each exposure class but also for more particular environments. This would need the collection of data and the development of a procedure on how to deduce these input parameters.
• Other aspects needed further development is the statistical treatment and the models for calculating the “deterioration limit state” as defined in MC2020.
• Also, will be revised the design rules in the MC2020, in particular the adequacy to the LoA there defined and the statistical and spatial variations.
• The WP will provide specific input for the continuous updating of MC2020.

Convener
Carmen Andrade

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Andrade	Carmen	Spain	Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en l’Ènginyeria (CIMNE)
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Kessler	Sylvia	Germany	Helmut-Schmidt-University/ University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg
Liu	Qing-feng	China	Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Nilsson	Lars-Olof	Sweden	Chalmers University
Prieto	Miguel	Sweden	RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Rahimi	Amir	Germany	Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau
Pedrosa	Filipe	Netherlands	TNO
Bohner	Edgar	Finland	VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Lollini	Federica	Italy	Politecnico di Milano
Papworth	Frank	Australia	BCRC
Bouteiller	Véronique	France	University Gustave Eiffel
Izquierdo Lopez	David	Spain	Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Pillai	Radhakrishna	India	Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Ueda	Tamon	China	Shenzhen University
Gulikers	Joost	Netherlands	Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Infrastructure
Raupach	Michael	Germany	RWTH Aachen University
Von Greve-Dierfeld	Stefanie	Switzerland	Office fédéral des routes OFROU
Huet	Bruno	France
Torabian Isfahani	Forood	Italy	Lombardi Group
Otieno	Mike	South Africa	Wits
Proverbio	Edoardo	Italy	University of Messina, Italy
Rafiq	Muhammad Imran	United Kingdom	University of Brighton
Bolzoni	Fabio	Italy	Politecnico Milano
Castro	Pedro	Mexico	CINVESTAV
Çevik	Onur	Turkey
Chen	Teresa E	China
Muñoz	Juan J.	Spain	SAFECOR

WP8.9.3 - Chloride Threshold

 

TG 8.9.3 has prepared a background document for MC2020. It is a state of the art on the different perspectives of the chloride threshold.

It also prepared a background document on stainless steels and galvanized steel. The document contains recommendations for cover depths in different exposure classes for corrosion resistant bars

 

Scope

• This WP will discuss the subject of the corrosion onset due to chlorides and will try to update the knowledge,
• Also will gather information on corrosion resistant bars as means for avoidance of corrosion
• Derive revised design rules and recommended cover depths for teh different types of bars,
• Will make examples and case studies of application

Convener
Frank Papworth

Co-convener
Federica Lollini

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Lollini	Federica	Italy	Politecnico di Milano
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Papworth	Frank	Australia	BCRC
Andrade	Carmen	Spain	Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en l’Ènginyeria (CIMNE)
Angst	Ueli	Switzerland	ETH Zurich
Gastaldi	Matteo	Italy	Politecnico of Milano
Moro	Fabrizio	Switzerland
Raupach	Michael	Germany	RWTH Aachen University
Rahimi	Amir	Germany	Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau
Pillai	Radhakrishna	India	Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Gulikers	Joost	Netherlands	Rijkswaterstaat Centre for Infrastructure
Huet	Bruno	France
Burtscher	Stefan L.	Austria	Technical University Vienne
Kurtay Yıldız	Mine	Turkey	Sakarya University
Markeset	Gro	Norway	Oslomet
Sanchez	Javier	Spain	Spanish National Research Council

WP8.9.4 - Durability of steel Fiber reinforced Concrete (SFRC)

 

WP 8.9.4 had very little activity in the past. It will gather information of the durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete and how the possible corrosion of the fibers will affect the structural capacity. The fibers can bee made of bare steel, stainless or galvanized steel. It will be in coordination with the WP dealing with rules of design for SFRC.

 

Scope

• This WP shall develop guidance on how to deal with the corrosion of the fibers due to carbonation and chlorides from a structural point of view. It will try to propose modelling of the advance of the corroded zone, and which will eb the “sacrificial thickness” in the different exposure classes.
• Also the WP will study the impact of the presence of the fibers in the flexural crack widths and hoe the possible corrosion will affect them.
• Derive revised design rules, in particular with the probabilistic treatment The WP will provide specific input for the continuous updating of MC2020.

Convener
Antonio Conforti

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Conforti	Antonio	Italy	University of Brescia
Zerbino	Raul Luis	Argentina	LEMIT-CIC
Gil Berrocal	Carlos	Sweden	Chalmers University of Technology
De la Fuente	Albert	Spain	Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Andrade	Carmen	Spain	Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en l’Ènginyeria (CIMNE)
Edvardsen	Carola K.	Denmark	Cowi AS
Subbarao	Harshavardhan	India	Construma Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
Muñoz	Juan J.	Spain	SAFECOR
Chen	Teresa E	China
Vidal Sarmiento	Elena	Spain	Bekaert
Rossi	Laura	Germany	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Thiebaut	Yvan	France	Vinci Construction
Russo	Nicoletta	Italy	Lombardi Ingegneria
Prieto	Miguel	Sweden	RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Bernard	Erik	Australia	Victoria University
Papworth	Frank	Australia	BCRC

TG8.11 - Testing and Monitoring

Durability design of concrete structures may incorporate a number of performance-based requirements depending on the deterioration mechanisms and exposure conditions to consider. While exposure definitions and performance-based requirements are dealt with in other fib TG’s, well documented test procedures for relevant materials properties are needed for support of the durability design and subsequent quality assurance. This includes well-founded probabilistic definitions for those properties.

The objective of Task Group 8.11 is to provide guidance on test methods and corresponding acceptance criteria and testing frequencies concerning quality assurance of concrete production. Furthermore, the objective is to link performance-requirements of concrete as yielded from durability design with the execution. For the latter, all stages of concrete production, i.e. pre-testing in the laboratory, trial testing in laboratory and on-site, and testing of running production are considered.

Convener
Franziska Schmidt

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• WP8.11.1
• WP8.11.2

WP8.11.1 - Testing of New Concrete

 

Durability design of concrete structures may incorporate a number of performance-based requirements depending on the deterioration mechanisms and exposure conditions to consider. While exposure definitions and performance-based requirements are dealt with in other fib TG’s and WP’s, well documented test procedures for relevant materials properties are needed for support of the durability design and subsequent quality assurance. This includes well-founded probabilistic definitions for those properties.

 

Scope

• The objective of WP is to provide guidance on test methods and corresponding acceptance criteria and testing frequencies concerning quality assurance of concrete production.
• Furthermore, the objective is to link performance-requirements of concrete as yielded from durability design with the execution. For the latter, all stages of concrete production, i.e. pre-testing in the laboratory, trial testing in laboratory and on-site, and testing of running production are considered.
• As part of this process, several Webinars are held by different concrete experts on testing methods and procedures performed/experienced in different countries worldwide (e.g. Germany, Switzerland, China, Canada).
• The WP shall undertake a review of relevant test methods for assurance of concrete quality, including a review of their applicability, replicability and feasibility. Based on that review, feasible test methods are proposed.

Convener
Franziska Schmidt

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Schmidt	Franziska	France	Université Gustave Eiffel, MAST/EMGCU
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Solgaard	Anders Ole Stubbe	Denmark	Cowi A/S
Makhoul	Nisrine	France
Helland	Steinar	Norway	S Helland Konsult

WP8.11.2 - Monitoring of Concrete

 

As the focus of WP2 of TG8.11 is to provide an updated state-of-the-art report on in situ testing methods applicable on existing structures, in view of assessing their present condition and of allowing a prognosis of their remaining (residual) service life, WP3 presents similar objectives, but based not on point-in-time in situ testing, but on mid and long-term methods and techniques for durability monitoring. The aim is not the monitoring of the overal structural performance (which is the objective of other WP ́s as in Commission 3), but the monitoring of the material performance along the structure ́s service life by the deployment of permanent sensors that allow for a continuous monitoring of the condition state of the concrete.

 

Scope

The objective is to prepare an state-of-the-art report on existing sensoring techniques (including probability of detection and survival expectation), deployment methods (both in new and existing structures), data collection and post-processing algorithms applicable to existing concrete structures, for the on-line assessment of the present and future condition of their constituent materials.

Convener
Joan Casas Rius

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Casas Rius	Joan	Spain	Tech. Univ. of Catalunya, UPC-BarcelonaTech
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib

TG8.12 - Deterioration mechanisms related to other phenomena

Task Group 8.12 has a focus of addressing all durability phenomena other than corrosion due to chlorides and carbonation. The phenomena include Freeze Thaw, Chemical Attack, Abrasion/Erosion/Cavitation, and Internal Attacks (ASR / DEF).

Convener
Leandro Sánchez

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• WP8.12.1
• WP8.12.2

WP8.12.1 - Physical mechanisms

 

The durability of concrete surfaces subject to wear stress is assessed using a descriptive approach by means of exposure class classification, i.e., based on experience. The aspect of physical damage to concrete by abrasion, erosion and cavitation is highly complex to model, see also chapter 4.7 in Bulletin 112. For example, certain experience exists for hydro-abrasion in bypass tunnels showing promising expectations for modelling. This makes new design of concrete, in particular, new types of resource-efficient concrete, to resist such exposure quite difficult.

 

Scope

The main objective of the working group WP8.12.1 is the revision of the state of the art in the field of "abrasion, erosion and cavitation" as well as the realization of new chapters in a special fib bulletin, which will contain additional information on the above-mentioned topics.

Convener
TBD

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Vogel	Michael	Germany	Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) - Universität (Campus Süd)
Spörel	Frank	Germany	BAW

WP8.12.2 - Chemical mechanisms

 

Concrete infrastructure is increasingly required to remain in service beyond its original design life while being exposed to complex combinations of moisture, temperature, chemical, mechanical, and environmental actions. Although chloride- and carbonation-induced corrosion remain central durability concerns, several concrete structures deteriorate through chemical mechanisms originating either within the cementitious matrix or aggregate particles, or from aggressive external exposure conditions. These mechanisms may progressively induce expansion, cracking, loss of stiffness, mass loss, softening of the cement paste, and degradation of mechanical properties. Internal swelling reactions (ISR) represent a critical group of such mechanisms. The main ISR mechanisms considered in this working party include alkali–silica reaction (ASR), alkali–carbonate reaction (ACR), delayed ettringite formation (DEF), and deterioration associated with sulfatebearing aggregates. In addition, the working party will address external sulfate attack (ESA), where sulfate-bearing environments interact with the cementitious matrix and may lead to expansive reaction products, decalcification, paste softening, and loss of cohesion. These processes are driven by different chemical reactions and material constituents, yet they share a common engineering consequence: the alteration of the concrete microstructure and the potential impairment of serviceability, durability, or structural safety.

 

Scope

The scope of WP8.12.2 is to prepare a state-of-the-art and guidance-oriented document on chemical mechanisms affecting concrete durability. The work will address both prevention in new structures and assessment of existing affected structures. It will focus on internal swelling reactions, including ASR, ACR, DEF, and sulfate-bearing aggregates, as well as external sulfate attack. The document will connect reaction mechanisms, material selection, design criteria, diagnostic and prognostic tools, modelling, and management strategies.

Convener
Leandro Sanchez

Co-Convener
Rennan Medeiros

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First name	Last name	Country	Affiliation
Fernández-Ordóñez	David	Switzerland	fib
Moretti Sanchez	Leandro	Canada	University of Ottawa
Medeiros	Rennan	Canada